Research Paper

MENACE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN PAKISTAN – ITS CAUSES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES During my posting as Special Judge (Central), Lahore for about 2-1/2 Years, a number of cases under the Immigration Ordinance, 1979 were dealt with by me. Each case had its own peculiar facts, some timepathetic and some time sensational and thrilling. This article is anattempt to […]

DIGITAL TERRORISM” AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO COUNTER-TERRORISM Online sites are used by terrorists as forums for the discussion on the state of global terrorism, propagation of anti-state sentiments and related issues. Social media has certainly increased the appeal of terrorism and its following. Presently, terrorist groups operating around the world use online social media and network sites such as […]

Dying Declaration Article 46(1) of Qanun-e-Shahadat order 1984 deals with dying declaration. Which is one of the exceptions of the hearsay rule. General presumption is that dying person usually speaks truth. Admissibility of dying declaration obviously rests upon the principle of necessity alone.  As the victim is in most cases the only eye witness to […]

Rule of Consistency Meaning of rule of consistency is at same footing, at par. Conformity in the application of something, typically that which is necessary for the sake of logic, accuracy, or fairness. Article 25 of the constitution 1973 All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law. Decision of […]

Delay in lodging FIR  Delay is the time consumed more than the time required in the ordinary course of nature to perform a particular act or particular action. It means the more time consumed than the time required to report the matter relating to cognizable offence to the police u/s 154 Cr.P.C., in the ordinary […]

Bail After Arrest Defined: Bail means to release a person from the custody of police and delivered him into the hands of surety, who undertakes to produce him in the court whenever to require to do so. (2007 YLR 1582) Cases in favour of prosecution No doubt offence under section 489-F P.P.C. does not fall […]

State Case It is an established rule that every offence which is committed is against the state. The state will prosecute that person for committing the offences against the society. To set the criminal law into motion FIR is registered u/s 154. Thereafter, that case becomes a state case. Then investigation be got conducted and […]

Abscondance Reference S, 87 Cr.P.C To keep hide oneself in order to avoid the process of law. According to Webster’s English Dictionary Abscond means:- (i)    To hide, withdraw, or be concealed. (ii)  To depart clandestinely, to steal off and secret one’s self. Scope Accused having become fugitive from law loses his normal rights under substantive […]

Definition of Abduction according to Legal Dictionary The act of restraining another through the use or threat of deadly force or through fraudulent persuasion. The requisite restraint generally requires that the abductor intend to prevent the liberation of the abductee. Some states require that the abductee be a minor or that the abductor intend to […]